Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

4.9.1 Medical Termination of Pregnancy

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), also known as induced abortion, refers to the intentional termination of pregnancy before it reaches full term. It is performed for various reasons, including medical concerns about the mother’s health, fetal abnormalities, contraceptive failure, or pregnancy resulting from rape.

4.9.2 Legalization

In India, MTP was legalized in 1971 with strict regulations to prevent misuse and illegal female foeticides. The law permits MTP under certain conditions, such as: Risk to the mother's health or life. Severe foetal abnormalities. Pregnancy due to rape or failure of contraceptives.

4.9.3 Safety and Timing:

1. First Trimester (Up to 12 weeks): MTP is considered relatively safe during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. The embryo is not deeply implanted in the uterine wall, making the procedure less complicated for the mother.
2. Second Trimester (13-24 weeks):

MTP becomes riskier after the first trimester. The fetus is more developed, and the procedure carries greater risks, including potential complications and fatalities.

4.9.4 Safe and Unsafe Periods

Safe period: The first trimester is the safest period for MTP, when the embryo is still not well-developed. Unsafe period: After 12 weeks, the risks increase, making MTP less safe and more prone to complications.

4.9.5 Global Impact of MTP

Around 45-50 million MTPs are performed annually worldwide. Though MTP can reduce maternal health risks, it is not intended as a population control method.