Updated by: Arabinda Naik
Hormonal Contraceptives
Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are widely used for preventing pregnancy. These pills contain hormones that modify the body’s reproductive functions, making conception unlikely. They come in the form of tablets and must be taken regularly.
These pills contain both oestrogen and progesterone. Examples: Mala D, Mala N. Mechanism: Prevents ovulation: The hormones prevent the release of an egg from the ovary. Thickens cervical mucus: This makes it difficult for sperm to reach the uterus. Usage: These pills are taken daily for 21 days, starting within the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle, followed by a 7-day break. During the break, menstruation occurs. Synthetic hormones: Oestrogen (ethinyl oestradiol) and progesterone (levonorgestrel).
These pills contain only progestin (synthetic progesterone) and no oestrogen. Example: Saheli (contains centchroman, a non-steroidal preparation). Mechanism: Thickens cervical mucus, preventing sperm from entering the uterus. Prevents implantation: Alters the uterine lining.
Usage: Saheli is unique because it is a once-a-week pill, following an initial phase of taking it twice weekly for 3 months. Mechanism of Action: Inhibits Ovulation: By suppressing the hormones that trigger egg release (FSH and LH). Thickens Cervical Mucus: The thick mucus acts as a barrier, stopping sperm from entering the uterus. Prevents Implantation: By altering the uterine lining, it makes the uterus less suitable for an embryo to implant.
Usage Guidelines: Combined pills are taken daily for 21 days with a 7-day break. Mini pills like Saheli are taken once a week after an initial higher-dose period. Risks and Considerations: OCPs increase the risk of intravascular clotting and are not recommended for women with:
Blood clotting disorders
Cerebral blood vessel damage
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Liver issues
Heart disease
Breast cancer