Updated by: Arabinda Naik
The natural method of contraception involves practices that prevent the meeting of sperm and egg without the use of any external devices or medications. These methods rely on understanding and tracking the natural fertility cycle and behaviour. The key natural methods include:
How it Works: Couples avoid intercourse during the fertile window of the menstrual cycle, which typically occurs between days 10-17 (the ovulation period). During this time, the likelihood of fertilization is highest because ovulation is expected. By avoiding sex during this period, the chance of conception is reduced.
Effectiveness: Moderately effective when practiced consistently and with accurate tracking of the cycle. However, irregular menstrual cycles can make it difficult to predict the fertile period.
How it Works: The male partner withdraws his penis from the vagina just before ejaculation, preventing sperm from entering the reproductive tract. This avoids insemination and the chance of fertilization.
Effectiveness: This method is less reliable because some sperm may be present in pre-ejaculatory fluid (pre-cum), and timing the withdrawal can be difficult during intercourse. It's not highly effective but can work when used correctly.
How it Works: After childbirth, breastfeeding can delay the return of ovulation and menstruation (amenorrhea). Intense breastfeeding suppresses the hormones responsible for ovulation, making conception highly unlikely. This method is effective for up to 6 months after childbirth if the mother exclusively breastfeeds.
Effectiveness: It is highly effective but only during the first six months postpartum. Once the mother starts supplementing breastfeeding or the menstrual cycle resumes, the risk of pregnancy increases.