Updated by: Arabinda Naik
Turner Syndrome: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that occurs in females. It is typically characterized by the absence of one of the X chromosomes (45, X), resulting in a monosomy X karyotype.
Turner Syndrome: It affects females exclusively.
Turner Syndrome: Individuals with Turner syndrome often exhibit features such as short stature, webbed neck, low-set ears, a broad chest, and a lack of secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., breast development) during puberty.
Turner Syndrome: Females with Turner syndrome are usually infertile due to underdeveloped ovaries and the absence of functional eggs.
Turner Syndrome: Some individuals with Turner syndrome may have learning difficulties, particularly in math and spatial tasks, although cognitive abilities can vary widely.
Turner Syndrome: Treatment may include growth hormone therapy to increase height, as well as hormone replacement therapy (estrogen) during adolescence to induce puberty and promote the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
Klinefelter Syndrome: Klinefelter syndrome affects males and is caused by the presence of one or more extra X chromosomes, usually XXY (47, XXY).
Klinefelter Syndrome: It affects males exclusively.
Klinefelter Syndrome: People with Klinefelter syndrome may have taller than average stature, gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue), less body and facial hair, and relatively less muscular development.
Klinefelter Syndrome: Males with Klinefelter syndrome often have reduced fertility, but many can still father children with assisted reproductive techniques.
Klinefelter Syndrome: Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome may have a higher risk of language and learning difficulties, as well as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Klinefelter Syndrome: Treatment often involves testosterone replacement therapy to address some of the physical and hormonal effects of the syndrome, such as improving muscle mass and energy levels.