Updated by: Arabinda Naik
Sterilization is a terminal method of contraception, used by both males and females to permanently prevent pregnancy. It involves surgical procedures that block the transport of gametes (sperm or ova), effectively preventing fertilization.
Types of Surgical Sterilization:
Procedure: A transverse incision is made on the scrotum under local anaesthesia.
The vasa deferentia (tubes that carry sperm) are cut and tied, preventing sperm from being transported through the male reproductive tract. The two cut ends are separated and tied, with a gap of 1-4 centimetres to prevent reunion. If the ends rejoin, sperm passage can be restored.
Reversibility: Vasectomy is reversible, although reversal success is not guaranteed. If the two cut ends of the vasa deferentia rejoin, sperm passage can be re-established.
Procedure: A part of both fallopian tubes is cut and ligated to block the passage of eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. The two cut ends are tied to prevent reunion, thus blocking any potential fertilization.
Reversibility: Tubectomy is also considered reversible. However, the success rate of reversal is lower compared to vasectomy, and pregnancy after reversal may still be difficult to achieve.
Mechanism of Action: Vasectomy: Prevents sperm from reaching the urethra, thereby blocking its release during ejaculation. Sperm is still produced but is reabsorbed by the body.
Tubectomy: Prevents the egg from traveling through the fallopian tubes and meeting sperm for fertilization.
Permanent: Sterilization provides a long-term solution for contraception without the need for daily or frequent contraceptive measures.
Effective: Both methods are highly effective in preventing pregnancy.
Considerations:
Reversibility: While both procedures are technically reversible, the success rates for reversal are not high, especially in tubectomy. It is important for individuals to consider sterilization as a permanent form of contraception.
Disadvantages of Surgical Birth Control Methods (Short Form):
Permanent – Usually irreversible; reversal is difficult.
Surgical Risks – Includes infection, pain, and bleeding.
No STD Protection – Does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
Emotional Regret – Some may regret the decision later.
Cost & Access – Costly and less available in rural areas.
Social Issues – May face stigma or gender bias.