Updated by: Arabinda Naik
These are based on the prevention of ovum and sperm from physically meeting with the help of barriers. Barriers may be chemical or mechanical.
Mechanical methods
(a) Condoms are mechanical barriers made of thin rubber or latex sheath to cover the penis in males or vagina and cervix in females which prevent the meeting of sperm and ova. Condoms also provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases. They are disposable and can be self-inserted and thereby gives privacy to the user. Nirodh is popular brand of condom for the male. Other improved brands are also available in the medical stores. The device also protects the users from STDs and AIDS. Both male and female condoms are disposable.
Female condoms (femidoms) Female condoms are known as femidoms. The device is a polyurethane pouch with a ring at either end. The inner ring is small and present at the inner closed end. The device covers the external genitalia as well as the lining of the vagina. It provides protection from STDs.
(b) Diaphragms, cervical caps, and vaults are also mechanical barriers, made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. They are reusable.
Diaphragm: it is a soft rubber cup covering the entrance to the uterus. It prevents sperm from reaching the egg. It provides some protection against sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer.
Cervical cap: it is a diaphragm that covers the cervix closely. It prevents sperm from reaching an egg.
Vault cap: it is a hemispherical Dome-like Robert cap with a thick rim that is meant for fitting over the vaginal vault over the cervix.